Journal: Journal of Pharmacopuncture

Article Title: Effects of Acupuncture at ST36 and SP6 on Activity Levels and Pain Thresholds Through Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, Cortisol, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Modulation in an Osteoarthritis Rat Model

doi: 10.3831/KPI.2026.29.3.286

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1 (A) and IL-6 (B) in an untreated osteoarthritis rat model, healthy control rats, and three experimental groups of osteoarthritis model rats following acupuncture treatment. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Different letters indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). K−, negative control; K+, positive control; K + A, acupuncture to the ST36 + SP6 points; K + B, acupuncture to the ST36 point only; acupuncture to the K + C, SP6 point only.

Article Snippet: These were the Rat IL-1 ELISA Kit (cat. no. E0119Ra) and the Rat IL-6 ELISA Kit (cat. no. E0135Ra), both from BT-LAB (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Control, Standard Deviation, Analysis, Negative Control, Positive Control

Journal: Journal of Pharmacopuncture

Article Title: Effects of Acupuncture at ST36 and SP6 on Activity Levels and Pain Thresholds Through Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, Cortisol, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Modulation in an Osteoarthritis Rat Model

doi: 10.3831/KPI.2026.29.3.286

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pearson correlations between inflammatory and hormonal biomarkers and behavioral outcomes in a monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rat model

Article Snippet: These were the Rat IL-1 ELISA Kit (cat. no. E0119Ra) and the Rat IL-6 ELISA Kit (cat. no. E0135Ra), both from BT-LAB (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Activity Assay

Journal: Aging Cell

Article Title: uPAR ‐Targeting T Cell Engager Exerts Senolytic Effects in Mice and Non‐Human Primates With Serum Aminotransferase Activity as a Safety Monitor

doi: 10.1111/acel.70742

Figure Lengend Snippet: hGFD‐CD3 mediates the clearance of senescent cells by T cells in vitro. (A) A schematic diagram of hGFD‐CD3 and the negative control used in this study. (B) Semiquantitative analysis of the cell surface binding of hGFD‐CD3 to young uPAR‐HEL1 cells and uPAR+ HEL1 senescent cells via flow cytometry. (C) Semiquantitative analysis of the cell surface binding of hGFD‐CD3 and hCD3 to human CD3+ T cells via flow cytometry. (D) Dose–response study of hGFD‐CD3 mediated T cell cytotoxicity against senescent cells (E: T = 1: 1). Each data point represents the mean of a biological replicate ( n = 2). (E) Cytokine release studies using ELISA from cell supernatants in experiments where 100 ng/mL hGFD‐CD3 was applied. (F) T cell activation was assessed by measuring CD25 and CD69 levels on CD3+ T cells by flow cytometry. All experiments were performed in biological triplicate. Data are presented as mean ± SD of triplicate samples and analyzed by two‐tailed unpaired Student's t ‐test with Welch's correction (e, f). ** p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: The cytokine IL‐6 was measured with an ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE10007).

Techniques: In Vitro, Negative Control, Analysis, Binding Assay, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activation Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Aging Cell

Article Title: uPAR ‐Targeting T Cell Engager Exerts Senolytic Effects in Mice and Non‐Human Primates With Serum Aminotransferase Activity as a Safety Monitor

doi: 10.1111/acel.70742

Figure Lengend Snippet: mGFD‐CD3 safely and effectively mediates T‐cell clearance of senescent cells in naturally aged mice. (A) The half‐lives of mGFD‐CD3 and mCD3 negative control in naturally aged mice were analyzed by ELISA. Each data point represents the mean of a biological replicate ( n = 2). (B) The mRNA expression levels for mouse uPAR, P16 INK4a , and P21 were detected by qPCR analysis from the indicated tissues from mice treated with mCD3 or mGFD‐CD3 on day 21 ( n = 5 mice per group). (C) Representative images of SA‐β‐Gal staining of liver and lung tissue samples collected from naturally aged mice treated with mCD3 or mGFD‐CD3 ( left ), with quantification of average staining intensities (ImageJ) ( right ) ( n = 5). Scale bar, 100 μm. (D) Images of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) after SA‐β‐Gal staining ( left ) and quantification of the average staining intensities (ImageJ) ( right ). SAT was collected from mice treated with mCD3 or mGFD‐CD3 on day 21 ( n = 5 individual samples per condition). Results from mouse experiments are representative of two independent experiments. (E) Analysis of Senmayo enrichment dataset of liver tissue samples from naturally aged mice treated with mGFD‐CD3 or mCD3 as negative control ( n = 3 mice per condition). (F) Gene expression volcano plot from the analysis of liver tissue samples collected from mice treated with mCD3 or mGFD‐CD3 ( n = 3 per condition). (G) Hierarchical clustering heatmap of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) profiles of liver samples ( n = 3 per condition). (H) Representative images of BiTEs (green), CD3 (red), and SA‐β‐Gal staining (blue green) for liver and lung samples collected from mice treated with BiTEs 24 h post‐injection. (I) Flow cytometry results of CD3 + T cells analyzed for CD25 expression after administration of mCD3 or mGFD‐CD3 ( n = 3 mice per condition). Data is presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test (C, D, I). * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: The cytokine IL‐6 was measured with an ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE10007).

Techniques: Negative Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Analysis, Staining, Tissue, Gene Expression, Injection, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Aging Cell

Article Title: uPAR ‐Targeting T Cell Engager Exerts Senolytic Effects in Mice and Non‐Human Primates With Serum Aminotransferase Activity as a Safety Monitor

doi: 10.1111/acel.70742

Figure Lengend Snippet: Elimination of senescent cells with mGFD‐CD3 ameliorated age‐related phenotypes in mice. (A) ELISA analysis for TNF‐α and IL‐1β in blood samples collected from mice treated with mGFD‐CD3 or mCD3 at 3 Months. ( n = 5 for young group; n = 3 for mCD3 group; n = 3 for mGFD‐CD3 group). (B) ( left ) H&E staining of IAT samples collected from mice described in (a). Quantification of adipocyte areas ( right ). Each data point represents an individual mouse. Scale bar, 50 μm. (C) ( left ) Masson staining of liver and lung tissues collected from the mice described in (a). Black arrows indicate positive staining. Scale bar, 50 μm. ( right ) Quantification of the fibrotic areas of liver or lung tissues using Image J. (D) PAS staining of kidney samples from mice described in (a). Scale bar, 50 μm (original) and 15 μm (magnified). Quantification was achieved using Image J. (E) TRAP and Masson staining of femur samples from mice described in (a). Black arrows indicate positive staining. Scale bar, 50 μm. Quantification was achieved with Image J. Data are presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test (A–E). * p ≤ 0.05.

Article Snippet: The cytokine IL‐6 was measured with an ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE10007).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Analysis, Blood/Plasma/Serum Samples, Staining

Journal: Aging Cell

Article Title: uPAR ‐Targeting T Cell Engager Exerts Senolytic Effects in Mice and Non‐Human Primates With Serum Aminotransferase Activity as a Safety Monitor

doi: 10.1111/acel.70742

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessing safety attributes of hGFD‐CD3 treatment in aged nonhuman primates. (A) Semiquantitative analysis of cell surface binding of hGFD‐CD3 to macaque T cells via flow cytometry. (B) Monitoring of liver function after administration of each different dose within a 72‐h period. (C) Schematic diagram of the experiment to investigate clearance of senescent cells from macaques, where hGFD‐CD3 was administered at a dose of 20 μg/kg every three days. (D) Liver function was evaluated throughout the injection phase. (E) Changes in cytokine levels in serum samples from three macaques before, as well as 24‐ and 72 h after the first injection of hGFD‐CD3, as determined via ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SD of triplicate samples analyzed by two‐tailed unpaired Student's t ‐test with Welch's correction. (F) Hematological parameters were assessed throughout the injection phase. (G) Six accessible vital sign parameters were continuously monitored during the injection period. Data is presented as mean ± SD of triplicates and analyzed by two‐tailed unpaired Student's t test with Welch's correction (E). *** p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: The cytokine IL‐6 was measured with an ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE10007).

Techniques: Analysis, Binding Assay, Flow Cytometry, Injection, Blood/Plasma/Serum Samples, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Aging Cell

Article Title: uPAR ‐Targeting T Cell Engager Exerts Senolytic Effects in Mice and Non‐Human Primates With Serum Aminotransferase Activity as a Safety Monitor

doi: 10.1111/acel.70742

Figure Lengend Snippet: hGFD‐CD3 clears senescent cells in aged nonhuman primates. (A) SA‐β‐Gal staining of subcutaneous adipose tissue and quantification before injection, as well as at Days 42 and 90 after the first injection. (B) Fold‐changes in mRNA expression levels of uPAR in subcutaneous adipose tissue, muscle, and skin before injection and at Days 42 and 90 after the first injection. (C) Fold‐changes in mRNA expression levels of the senescence markers P16 INK4a and P21 in subcutaneous adipose tissue, muscle, and skin before injection and at Days 42 and 90 after the first injection. (D) The expression levels of representative genes from T cell‐, NK‐, Monocyte‐, Macrophage‐, DC‐, B cell‐ and Plasma‐cell types in liver, fat, and skin tissue collected from three macaques before injection, and at Days 42 and 90 after the first injection of hGFD‐CD3, and the data of pre‐administration were normalized and compared to those of the data of day 42. ( n = 3). (E) Changes in cytokine levels in serum samples from three macaques before injection, and at Days 42 and 90 after the first injection of hGFD‐CD3, as determined via ELISA. Data is presented as mean ± SD of triplicates and analyzed by paired two‐tailed Student's t ‐test. ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: The cytokine IL‐6 was measured with an ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE10007).

Techniques: Staining, Tissue, Injection, Expressing, Clinical Proteomics, Blood/Plasma/Serum Samples, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Two Tailed Test